Shopping Online and Shipping to Canada

If youre on the Canadian side of the border and shopping online on American sites, hidden costs may catch you by surprise. There are things you should check before you give out your credit card number. First, ensure that the shopping site offers international shipping or at least shipping to Canada. Theres little more irritating than going through an online store, filling your shopping cart, and then discovering that the vendor doesnt ship outside the United States. Shipping Charges to Canada Good sites will list their shipping policies and procedures upfront, usually in the customer service or help sections. Shipping charges are determined by weight, size, distance, speed, and number of items. Read the details carefully. Dont forget to factor in the exchange rate for the shipping charges as well as for the cost of the merchandise. Even if the exchange rate is in your favor, your credit card company will likely add a charge for currency conversion. The shipping charges and methods of shipment, usually mail or courier, arent the total cost youll have to pay to get that package across the border. Youll also have to pay Canadian customs duties, taxes, and customs brokerage fees. Canadian Customs Duties Because of the North American Free Trade Agreement, Canadians dont have to pay duties on most American and Mexican manufactured items. But just because you buy an item from a U.S. store doesnt mean it was made in the United States; its possible it was imported into the United States first. If so, you may be charged duty when it comes into Canada. So check before you buy and if possible get something in writing from the online store in case the Canada Customs people decide to be particular. Duties on goods vary widely, depending on the product and the country where it was manufactured. In general, on goods ordered from a foreign retailer, there is no assessment unless Canada Customs can collect at least $1 in duties and taxes. If you have questions about Canada customs and duties, contact the Border Information Service during business hours and speak to an officer. Canadian Taxes Just about everything individuals import into Canada is subject to the Goods and Services Tax (GST) of 5 percent. The GST is calculated after customs duties have been applied. Youll also have to pay the applicable Canadian Provincial Sales Tax (PST) or Quebec Sales Tax (QST). The provincial retail sales tax rates vary between provinces, as do the goods and services to which the tax is applied and how the tax is applied. In Canadian provinces with a Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island), youll be charged the HST rather than the separate GST and provincial sales tax. Customs Brokers Fees Fees for customs brokers services can really surprise you. Courier companies and postal services use customs brokers to get packages processed through Canada Customs at the Canadian border. Fees for that service will be passed along to you. Canada Post is authorized to charge the recipient a handling fee of $5 for mail items and $8 for express mail items for collecting duties and taxes assessed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). If there is no duty or tax owed, they dont charge a fee. Customs brokers fees for courier companies vary but are usually much higher than the Canada Post fee. Some courier companies include the custom brokers fees in the courier service price, depending on the level of courier service you select. Others will add the customs brokers fees on top and youll have to pay those before you can get your parcel. If you select a courier service for shipping to Canada, check whether the level of service includes customs brokers fees. If it isnt mentioned on the online shopping site youre using, you can check the service guide on the individual courier company website or call the local number of the courier company to find out their policies on international shopping.

10 Causes for the Arab Spring in 2011

Privacy in the Workplace Essay - 1624 Words

Privacy in the Workplace In recent times our right to privacy has been under fire, particularly in the workplace. With the fear of terrorists in todays world, we have been willing to sacrifice some of our individual rights for the rights of a society as a whole. A majority of these changes have taken place since September 11, 2001, in an attempt to prevent future terrorist attacks. New legislation, such as the USA Patriot Act, which decreases the limitations on the federal governments ability to monitor people, has been created for this reason. Although new legislation may be instrumental in the defense of our national security, we must take a strong look at their effect and the effect of decreased privacy in the workplace.†¦show more content†¦Currently, employees have few privacy rights, especially while utilizing their employers communication systems. The corporations monitoring and recording practices in this area are protected by an exemption in the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 19 86. Any telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment or facility, or any component thereof, (i) furnished to the subscriber or user by a provider or wire or electronic communications service in the ordinary course of its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the ordinary course of its business or furnished by such subscriber or user for connection to the facilities or such service in use in the ordinary course of business Â… (18 U.S. section 2510(5) (a). Employers are taking advantage of this protection offered by our federal government and as more employees are being given the opportunity to utilize their employers communications system, less areas of privacy are being afforded. As stated above, a more recent legislation affecting employees at work is the USA Patriot Act. This Act actually broadens the federal governments ability to monitor citizens at work and at home based on the premise of seeking out terrorists. It grants the federal government the ability to access library, financial, and employer related records of persons living and working in the United States.Show MoreRelatedPrivacy in the Workplace1140 Words   |  5 PagesExplain where an employee can reasonably expect to have privacy in the workplace. Privacy in the workplace is very hard to get. Advancements in technology have been made that allow companies to monitor every aspect of an employee use of their systems. This is very evident if you have a job that involves you to be on the telephones. Companies are able to listen to each phone that is made, see every website that you have visited and read any email you have received. For example, I used to workRead MoreEssay on Privacy in the Workplace2455 Words   |  10 PagesPrivacy in the Workplace Introduction Technology has developed in leaps and bounds over the past few decades. The case is that the law always has difficulty keeping pace with new issues and technology and the few laws that are enacted are usually very general and obsucre. The main topic of this paper is to address the effect of technology on privacy in the workplace. We have to have an understanding of privacy before trying to protect it. Based on the Gift of Fire, privacy has three pieces:Read MoreEthics, Privacy in the Workplace2391 Words   |  10 Pagesargument – â€Å"for† the notion that an individual’s privacy is more important than any other considerations in the workplace. Workplace scenarios will be outlined including job applications, storage of personal information, Internet and email, information technology effects on privacy, workplace policies and procedures and medical privacy. Differing ethical theories will be applied to both sides of the argument. The Individual’s Privacy in the workplace Getting the job. The story is often heardRead MoreInvasion of Privacy in the Workplace2539 Words   |  11 PagesTitle: Invasion of Privacy in the Workplace OMM 640: Ethics and Social Responsibility Instructor: David Bouvin Debbie Barrow May 07, 2012 Do you feel like your workplace is your safe haven? Is your privacy invaded in your workplace? Can employers read your e-mail; monitor your blog or social network post. Employees peeping over your shoulder (sneakily), or even putting up a surveillance camera, as an employee, we should notRead More Privacy in the Workplace Essay2057 Words   |  9 PagesPrivacy. There seems to be no legal issue today that cuts so wide a swath through conflicts confronting American society: from AIDS tests to wiretaps, polygraph test to computerized data bases, the common denominator has been whether the right to privacy outweighs other concerns of society†¦ This quote from Robert Ellis Smith explains, in one sentence, the absolute need to ensure privacy in the workplace. One of the most interesting, yet controversial, areas concerning public personnel is employeeRead MoreEssay on Workplace Privacy3099 Words   |  13 PagesWorkplace Privacy Background As a director for the American Red Cross of Santa Monica, not only am I constantly faced with policy and personnel conflicts, I am also responsible for finding solutions to those conflicts. Recently, I was charged with the task of finding a solution to a problem we (as a chapter) had never dealt with before. The American Red Cross is an apolitical organization. During the recent elections, a supervisor in my office sent out emails to many ofRead MoreElectronic Monitoring and Workplace Privacy1774 Words   |  8 PagesElectronic Monitoring and Workplace Privacy Workplace privacy is one of the biggest issues facing businesses today. Do you feel like you are being watched all the time, all your e-mails being read, and every key stroke is being monitored by your boss? Some people feel this way and that is why privacy in the workplace is a problem with many businesses today. Employees feel like they are not being trusted, or feel the company invades on their personal privacy, or violates their fourth amendmentRead MoreEssay on Privacy In The Workplace1398 Words   |  6 PagesYou would think that employee privacy rights only apply to employees that you currently have but it really begins with the hiring process. Companies can reduce the number of labor related incidents during the first step of recruiting by setting up a cost-effective, yet reliable drug testing system. According to Kevin Troutman (2005), People who abuse drugs are a hazard to companies because they miss work, file more workers compensation claims, make errors, steal and cr eate safety concerns for otherRead MorePrivacy Law Of The American Workplace1280 Words   |  6 PagesIn this article Evans summarized privacy law in the American workplace, and also scholar Mathew Finkin painted a dramatic picture of the surveillance under which many many American employee work. Moreover, Finkin mentioned in this article that 34% of American employee are monitored continuously with regard to their email and internet usage privacy. In addition, He also pointed that The problem of employee privacy and productivity becomes more significant as the boundaries between formal and informalRead MoreRecommendation Report : Workplace Privacy Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesDixon Subject: Recommendation Report – Workplace privacy Date: March 2nd, 2015 The purpose of this memo is to present my research and recommendations regarding workplace privacy and the monitoring of current, and new employees’ and their use of company owned equipment at work. Summary Employee privacy and the rights of employers are often debated, but to reduce an employee’s confusion and to ease the company’s potential liability, a thorough workplace policy should be in place for employees

Essay on The Similarities Between Mason and Madison

Throughout American history, many individuals have made reforms to the government. However, significant actions done by George Mason and James Madison still impact society today with the Bill of Rights and the implementation of a ‘check and balance’ government system. George Mason and James Madison were both influential figures in the creation of the United States’ government structure with their oppositions to prejudiced governments. George Mason, a figure in American History who strongly advocated for individual freedoms and rights, strongly opposed the unjust actions committed by the British Parliament. The British government had been passing Acts against the will of the colonists, and Mason was upset by these actions. â€Å"that†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hence it is that such democracies have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths.† Madison says this because he believed that all people act according to their own local situations. According to Madison, people act in the name of their own selfish reasons, instead of considering the broader greater good. Thus, states should not be trusted to be the strongest part of the government, and factions should not be trusted with the majority of the power, either. George Mason strongly opposed Madison’s idea of a new national government. Mason thought that a federal government was unfair because it left less individual and state rights. His ideal government was one with a weak central government - the opposite of Madison’s. Mason preferred this, because when the central government is weak, the states assume most of the governmental power. Mason was an anti-federalist, and he was important in the process of the addition of the Bill of Rights, which secured individual rights and gave more authority to States. Madison, a federalist, eventuallyShow MoreRelatedConf ederation and Constitution1594 Words   |  7 Pagesplace. The Articles of Confederation led to the Constitution of the United States. Although similar in some aspects, very different in others. The articles had many weaknesses that were changed in the Constitution. There were many compromises made between the states in order to effectively draft the Constitution. Roger Sherman’s Plan kept the Constitutional Convention together which was later known as the Great Compromise. The fight for the Constitution had just begun and the ratification processesRead MoreUnited States Vs. Virginia Constitution. In A Quick Observation,1115 Words   |  5 PagesVirginia Constitution In a quick observation, it may be easy to observe that the Constitution of Virginia is much larger in length and detail than the United States Constitution. There are many differences between these two constitutions besides the authors or contributors being that James Madison contributed to both, however, he was not the complete author of the Constitution of Virginia (Constitutions of Virginia). Both Constitutions have the same idea in which it holds three separate branches ofRead MoreDecisions Of Philadelphi The Constitutional Convention Of 17871919 Words   |  8 Pagesthat were going to attend the meetings for the Constitutional Convention and declare speeches. Four of the main men were James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, William Patterson, and Charles Pinckney. All of these men had very different plans of government. James Madison was very anxious about the Constitutional Convention and came with what he knew and believed in. Madison believed in the â€Å"Vices of the Political System.† This paper discussed Madison’s thoughts and what he believed was the problems inRead MoreThe Mask Of Chivalry : The Making Of The Second Ku Klux Klan1706 Words   |  7 PagesMaclean. At the time of the book’s publication in 1994, she was an Associate Professor of History at Northeastern University. The book is a revision of her dissertation she wrote to achieve her doctoral degree at the University of Washington at madison. At that time in 1889, the long paper was titled, â€Å"Behind the Mask of Chivalry: Gender, Race, and Class in the Making of the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s in Georgia†. She is currently Arts and Sciences Professor of History at Duke University. At DukeRead MoreThe Study of the Attachment by Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth2075 Words   |  9 Pagesphase-sensitive learning that occurs at after born age or a particular life stage, that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behaviour, where animals learn to follow their caregivers, â€Å"Imprinting† is the factor that creates a bound between them. In a very similar direction we found a important contribution by John Bowlby research, proposition that human infants possess inbuilt or innate tendencies to form emotionally and bound to caregivers (Bowlby, 1953). On the PsychoanalysisRead MoreLeadership Styles As A Public Administrator Essay2232 Words   |  9 Pagescharismatic leaders focuses on their abilities to connect with people. Both Bonaparte and Peron understood the needs of those underneath them, and both were dynamic speakers who could explain how and why their followers needed to take action. Another similarity, both Bonaparte and Peron came from humble beginnings, and both eventually moved into very high positions, adored by their followers. The contrast in these leaders was the significant ego that led to Bonaparte’s downfall, was apparently in contrastRead MoreEssay about Public Display of Religious Garments3102 Words   |  13 PagesAmendment of the Constitution. The amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof5.† But the Supreme Court has established precedents for many cases regarding clashes between the Establishment Clause and military conduct6. The United States military has not been blind to the issue of religious or cultural expression. The Department of Defense issued a rule that states, â€Å"Requests for accommodation of religious practicesRead MoreShah Jahan and His Architectural Contribution to India5907 Words   |  24 PagesBernier to write many things about this princess, founded entirely on the talk of low people. Therefore it is incumbent on me, begging his pardon, to say that what he writes is untrue.† It is certain that the story about the unpleasant relationship between Shah Jahan and his daughter is has its root from a rumor. However, the reason behind the birth of this rumor amongst ‘low people’ is unknown to us. Thus, it is not possible to arrive at any clear conclusion regarding this view. Shah Jahan was theRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 Pagesquest. This distrust of totalizing mechanisms extends even to the author; thus postmodern writers often celebrate chance over craft and employ metafiction to undermine the authors univocal control (the control of only one voice). The distinction between high and low culture is also attacked with the employment of pastiche, the combination of multiple cultural elements including subjects and genres not previously deemed fit for literature. A list of postmodern authors often varies; the following areRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPerception? 166 Factors That Influence Perception 167 165 Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others 168 Attribution Theory 168 †¢ Common Shortcuts in Judging Others 170 †¢ Specific Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations 173 The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making 174 Decision Making in Organizations 175 The Rational Model, Bounded Rationality, and Intuition 175 †¢ Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making 177 Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and

Bussiness Qa Essay - 761 Words

Chapter Three The World Marketplace: Business without Borders Review Questions 1. What countries represent the largest global business opportunities for the next decade? What factors determine the size of the opportunity? China, India and Brazil are some of the largest growing global businesses. These comes from many different factors; GDP growth and population are two major causes. China has the largest populations in the world along with the fastest growing GDP percentages. Brazil’s population is not as large but does has a high GDP percentage, and also a high Dollar Pre Capital GDP. 2. Why do companies tend to thrive in global markets when their country of origin enjoys a comparative advantage†¦show more content†¦Instead of relying only on domestic workers, many companies also outsource some of their labor into foreign markets. This practice can have negative effects on the economy overall, individual businesses can often benefit from this practice. Outsourcing offshore can allow companies to tap into foreign markets and expand their businesses. 6. Outline the potential pros and cons of the 3 key strategies for developing foreign markets: exporting, licensing and franchising, and direct investment. Exporting |Pros: |Cons: | | | | |Access to Factors of Production |Product Modification | |Reduced Economic Risk | Export Licenses and Documentation | |Inflow of Innovation | Financial Risk | Licensing and Franchising |Pros: |Cons: | | Marketing Support |Company Image | | BusinessShow MoreRelatedBussiness Qa Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesChapter Three The World Marketplace: Business without Borders Review Questions 1. What countries represent the largest global business opportunities for the next decade? What factors determine the size of the opportunity? 2. Why do companies tend to thrive in global markets when their country of origin enjoys a comparative advantage in their industry? 3. Explain how to calculate the balance of trade. How does the growing United States trade deficit impactRead MoreSample Resume : Business Management Essay2230 Words   |  9 Pagescharities and has a particular interest in the Breast Cancer Research Trust. In 2007 she has become an appointed Patron in recognition of her dedication and support to the Trust. Trelise Cooper is also a big supporter of Habitat for Humanity charity. (Bussiness of Fashion, 2015) 1. Introduction to Trelise Cooper 1.1 A brief overview of the company – history of Trelise Cooper. Fashion designer Trelise Cooper is the owner of a million dollar export company. Her story of success is even more remarkable becauseRead MoreProject Report on Ptcl3200 Words   |  13 Pages–  Pay-per-view (PPV) Directed advertising –  The ability to receive specific adverts for products that you are interested in buying And many more mouth watering features –  Gaming –  Interactive services –  SMS/voice integrated applications 3.2 BUSSINESS STRATEGY As the ptcl growing its position as the leading ICT service provider and a profit leader, a five year Strategic Master Plan for the Company, with defined corporate KPI targets, timelines and ownerships was developed by the PTCL managementRead MoreVinamilk Marketing3312 Words   |  14 Pagesparticipation in APEC, the ASEAN free trade and joined WTO in 2006. Vietnam has moved from state monopoly on foreign trade to free trade and from import substitution to export oriented policies. Domestic bussiness obtained the right to export and import within their registered scop of bussiness and foreign trading companies have been allowed to set up branches and representative office in the country (Meyer, Tran and Nguyen 2005, p.3-4). Despite strong export on garment industry, seafood, agriculturalRead MoreAlphabet Swoth and Pestel Analysis2061 Words   |  9 Pagespage 302 Mullins J.L. (1999), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 5th Edition, Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited, page 303 Internet Bussiness Ball [online], 2011, Accessible from: http://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htm, [Accessed 7.10.2011] HRM Advice, Usefull HR Tools [online],2010, Accessible from: http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=SWOT+analysisamp;um=1amp;hl=skamp;sa=Namp;biw=1366amp;bih=681amp;tbm=ischamp;tbnid=6152gV95tF93-M:amp;imgrefurl=http://hrmadvice.com/hrmadvice/useful-hr-tools/hr-swot-examplesRead MoreFrench Decolonization: Conflict in Algeria2602 Words   |  11 PagesInterior. This also points to the importance that French attached to Algeria.[6] The first reason was the very position of Algeria. Located very close to France and could therefore become important to French traders, who were going to make a bussiness there. This is mainly due to cheap labor in the form of the indigenous population. Therefore, it is quite inappropriate to refer to French colony as disadvantageous. Yes, unlike the British colonies meant no colony for France large revenue to theRead MoreIca Gh Syslabus26672 Words   |  107 PagesGroups and Team Work Human Resource Management Marketing Management Operations Management TOTAL Weighting (%) 10 15 30 15 10 10 10 100 11 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1.2 Bussiness Management MAIN TOPIC (Cont’d.) SYLLABUS CONTENT Introduction to Management a. Explain the objectives of business organisations. b. Explain the four (4) functions of management and state the other major elements in the management processRead MoreSwot Analysis : Chipotle Mexican Grill8386 Words   |  34 Pagessupport different causes. Take for example, at a local Chipotle in Portland, Oregon, the restaurant offered a free burrito, taco, bowl or salad to anyone who donated blood through the American Red Cross Blood Drive (http://redcrosspdx.blogspot.com/search?q=chipotle). The cause to support blood donation was clearly communicated to customers through their use of advertisement through the web and through their partnership with a big name like American Red Cross. During the days of the disaster clean up ofRead MoreStereotaip Jantina Dalam Iklan Di Malaysia.7035 Words   |  29 PagesOffensive Senior Stereotypes in Magazine Advertisement : Result of A Q Method Analysis’ mengemukakan kajian yang menggunakan kaedah soalan dan temubual individu dalam m engkaji sekumpulan orang dewasa yang lebih tua meneyenaraikan iklan majalah yang memaparkan stereotaip kepelbagaian dalam potensi berlawanan dan berbahaya dalam masyarakat yang lebih tua. Terdapat juga tiga faktor yang berbeza yang disatukan daripada kaedah persoalan (Q). Implikasinya, stereotaip dalam masalah yang sebenar digabungkanRead MoreVinamilk Analysis Essay13985 Words   |  56 Pageshttp://gulfnews.com/business/economy/vietnam-inflation-starts-rising-in-september-1.1080412 Anh Dang, (2010), â€Å"Developing a taste for dairy†, Mekong Securities, [Online], [Retrieved December 6, 2012], http://www.google.com.vn/url?sa=tamp;rct=jamp;q=amp;esrc=samp;source=webamp;cd=3amp;cad=rjaamp;ved=0CDcQFjACamp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mekongsecurities.com.vn%2FHandlers%2FDownloadReport.ashx%3FReportID%3D1736amp;ei=-_7EULHsEsmG4ATfpICICwamp;usg=AFQjCNEm4hpi7-914yKYSmjmgE9h4boftQamp;sig2=gyUfbI0sbWj-oiUfFszCmg

Ethical Dilemmas of an Attorney free essay sample

Dilemmas of an Attorney Gina Boldt ADJ 235 March 22, 2013 John Ellison Ethical Dilemmas of an Attorney The three major ethical dilemmas faced by a defense attorney are client perjury, delivery of physical evidence and the disclosure of prior convictions (Boldt, 2013). They are bound to provide thieir client with courage and devotion (Pollock, 2012, 2010). This dilemma, at times, tries the attorneys personal morals and ethics, though, once again, the protection of the defendant overrules all. They must also refrain from taking any case that presents a conflict of interest with said client. Though there are times that plea bargaining is in the best interest of the defendant, this process can be misused as a conveinence, this would be an example of ethical conflict. In order to provide such a fierce and devoted defense, the attorney must not engage is such practices as pergury and corruption to aid a positive outcome for their client. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemmas of an Attorney or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many of these obligations are quite similar and relate to both a prosecuting and defense attorney, such as confidentiality, attorney-client privelage, the handling of evidence and the responsibility of maintaining the safety of others. The ethical obligations of a prosecuting attorney is to seek truth and justice, However, this singular responsibility insures several ethical burdens. The duties of this position are to indict as many criminals as possible and maintain justice within our system. With this responsibility comes many opportunities to step into the unethical realm of practice in order to secure prosecution. The obligation of this profession, once again, can test an individuals strength and inner morals. The key is to maintian honesty and intergrity and to set aside all personal beliefs, though this may not be the easiest, it is the only way to ensure justice.

Pulmonary Oedema in Contemporary †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Pulmonary Oedema in Contemporary. Answer: Introduction: In the given case study, information has been presented about a 72 year old patient named Giovanni who has been suffering from Chronic Heart Failure and presented to the Emergency department in the hospital with complaints of shortness of breath and a sensation of breathing. Management of chronic heart failure thus will be carried out (heartfoundation.org.au, 2017). His symptom of dyspnoea was not relived immediately. Further, it was seen that his breathlessness symptoms has been bothering him since quite long interfering with his activities of daily living. His swollen foot also posed problems for him in wearing shoes. Inquiring about his lifestyle revealed that he has been a smoker and is unable to maintain his diet and pursue proper exercise regime. Subsequent undertaking of diagnostic tests and assessments of vital parameters showed that he has acute manifestation of heart failure. Hence, the two nursing priorities at this hour should aim to address his distressed breathing and p roblems related to swollen foot effectively. Assessment of the patient carried out on admission to the emergency department revealed that he has been feeling out of breath and suffocated due to accelerated heart rate and respiratory rate. This feeling of puffiness and difficulty in performing the activities of daily living has been bothering him since the last few days as reported to the Registered Nurse by Giovanni himself. He admitted of being a chain smoker and assessment of his health record reveals that within 30 minutes of waking he resorts to smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day goes up to 20. Further he expressed his inability to curb this behavior and modifying his diet and exercise regime for a healthy lifestyle. He has already been diagnosed with chronic heart failure and has been under medications to tackle the condition as suggested by the physician. His chest X-ray examination is further suggestive of acute manifestation of chronic heart failure. Considering his age and in contrast to his height, he was found to be overweight and therefore is designated as being severely obese based on his calculated BMI (Sharma et al., 2015). Therefore proper planning in the form of nursing interventions is desirable to address the condition. The primary goal of such intervention will be to alleviate the symptoms of breathlessness and chest discomfort in the patient (Brake Jones, 2017). Proper lifestyle modification through curbing the rates of smoking and controlling the dietary and exercise pattern in the patient will ensure the success of the projected objectives of reliving the cardiorespiratory difficulties (Yancy et al., 2013). Empirical findings have suggested that smoking and unhealthy lifestyle in absence of adequate exercise and proper nutrition pose great threats to the onset as well as aggravation of the chronic heart failure conditions (Kotseva et al., 2016). Hence it is likely that the collective and individual interventions applied to the patients will pave the way for optimum and better outcomes in the patient without compromising on the health front. It is expected as part of the evaluation outcomes that the patient will express satisfaction on observance of the therapeutic interventions by means of less complaint of chest discomfort and improved mode of lifestyle through weight mitigation and abandoning the habit of smoking completely. Nursing Interventions The nursing intervention in connection to the lifestyle modification of the patient to treat his condition due to chronic heart failure must be addressed in a collaborative way with vital inputs from professionals across various related interdisciplinary domains (Lavie, Arena Franklin, 2016). Primarily the chest discomfort will be acted upon through proper medication as suggested by the physician. The preliminary recommendation for carrying out an effective healthy lifestyle will involve a healthy weight management through maintenance of a well balanced diet and doing regular exercise. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains is considered good for cardiovascular functioning. Food low in carbohydrate and fat will be encouraged to take by the patient with adequate amount of protein. Foodstuffs containing higher amount of salts, solid fats, refined grains and added sugars must be strictly avoided. The cardiac rehabilitation team comprising of the nutritionist, exercise thera pist, physician, and nurse will all act in coalition to harbor positive outcomes for Giovanni. Expert guidance will be sought from the physical therapist to suggest suitable moderate intensity aerobic exercise pertinent to the patient to lend cardio-protective function (Ades et al., 2013). Further for abatement of the smoking habit in the patient transdermal nicotine patches will be used as smoking deterrent. It will act to provide low dosage of nicotine through acting by means of lessening the physical signs of withdrawal symptoms and aiding in quitting smoking (Ferguson et al., 2016). Salt consumption diet need to be strictly monitored and regulated further to optimize the outcomes. The registered nurse (RN) will keep a track of the patient progress and report to the attending doctor in a timely manner. Emphasis must be laid on being active and maintain a healthy diet to keep the symptoms at bay. Concomitant to the weight loss and dietary management improvement in the symptoms of breathlessness and others will follow in a cascade manner (Clark, Fonarow Horwich, 2014). Thus the lifestyle modification varied out with respect to effective cardiac rehabilitation procedure will ensure better results. The feeling of puffiness in the patient alongside associated symptoms of breathlessness and difficulty in doing ADLs due to physical exertion may be properly addressed by virtue of proper medicinal intervention by administering beta blocker drug such as atenolol as prescribed by the physician. Oral route of administration will be followed by giving 50 mg on a daily basis to the patient (davisplus.fadavis.com, 2017). The chest discomfort will be reduced by means of administering atenolol. The rapid heart rate will be reduced on taking this medicine. However care must be taken to observe for any adverse reaction or side effects. However it must be checked for food or lifestyle interactions. Consumption of large amount of orange juice must be prevented as it might decrease the effectiveness of atenolol. Interactions with drugs like that of lisinopril and furosemide that have been prescribed to the patient must be checked for any adverse reaction (Heusch et al., 2014). Thus reduction in the signs and symptoms of chronic heart failure will indirectly help in enhancing the QOL of the patient through improvement in hearty function. If symptoms including blurred vision, confusion, sweating, wheezing, anxiety, weight gain, nausea, diarrhea, trouble sleeping are noted in the patient then medication must be stopped and referral to the doctor must be made. The blood pressure, ECG and pulse must be monitored frequently in course of the dosage and adjustment period as well as periodically throughout the therapy. The intake and output ratios in addition to the weight also need to be checked routinely. Signs of toxicity and overdose must not be overlooked and prompt notification to the physician must be undertaken. Thus every effort must be made so that the patient complies with the prescribed medication allaying the possibility of any harm or side effects (DeJongh, Birkeland Brenner, 2015). Evaluation of the patient on admission to the hospital further brought to the forefront an issue relevant to the difficulty in wearing shoes due to swollen foot of the patient over the last couple of days. This report may be further corroborated with the revelation of pitting edema in both the limbs of the patient. The weakness of the heart in conjunction with the diminished blood flow accounts for fluid accumulation and retention in the lower region of the body in the limbs (Platz et al., 2015). Moreover the patient also complained that he faced issue while moving indoor at home and encountered much difficulty in motion. Results from the patient risk assessment further demonstrated that he has difficulty in normal functioning and is requiring assistance of a person in doing activities of daily living (ADL) such as that for dressing, bathing, eating, toileting, transfers and mobility. Moreover the factors that pose risks for fall in case of the patient were identified as his age over 65 years, weakness in the limbs, imbalance and gait problems. His restricted movements and inability to perform day to day tasks independently seemed to have rendered a psychological pressure in Giovanni as he has been reported to have mood swings encompassing feelings of moroseness, depression and hopelessness. Thus a referral to the psychological mentor and counselor is imperative to take care of his mental health status (Tully et al., 2015). Hence, both mental and physical health interventions will aid to improve his condition by resorting to appropriate measures. The short term goal in this context will be to improve the mobility of the patient by mitigating the symptoms of leg edema (Trayes et al., 2013). The patient must be able to walk independently and perform the ADL efficiently devoid of any support. Further his quality of living (QOL) is likely to be enhanced on following the measures in an appropriate manner and complying to the recommended medications or any other inte rventions effectively. The depressive mood symptoms are also expected to be mitigated upon proper therapeutic intervention. Nursing Interventions In case of chronic heart failure, pitting edema is a common complaint among the patients, and in this case this has lead to obstructing the ADL for the patient. Therefore efforts to reduce these symptoms so that he may get back to his normal living need to be reiterated. In an effort to manage the swelling of the foot compliance to proper medications is advised that need to be strictly supervised and given by the attending nursing professional as directed by the physician (davisplus.fadavis.com, 2017). In this context, the furosermide medicine as suggested by the physician to treat his existing heart failure condition may be applied. It will act by inhibiting the reabsorption of salts and cause excessive renal excretion of water through increased mobilization of excess fluid. Symptoms for any contraindications or adverse drug reactions must be closely observed and must be reported to the physician appropriately. The drug must be administered through the intravenous route in 40 mg dos age as prescribed by the physician in proper intervals. The fluid status of the patient must be assessed properly to direct the treatment modality (Ballester, et al., 2015). Blood pressure and pulse must be monitored both before and after administration. The monitoring of the renal and hepatic function also needs to be followed for evaluating the efficacy of the drug prescribed (Gaalema et al., 2017). Dose must not be missed under any circumstances to increase the efficiency of the action of the drug. Dehydration must be strictly avoided in course of the medication duration and the nurse must take measures to ensure that the patient is taking fluid in adequate quantity. The recommended dose of medication must be given carefully as overdose of furosemide may lead to irreversible hearing loss (Kelm et al., 2015). Thus furosemide may be applicable to ameliorate the symptoms of pitting edema that occurred as a side effect of chronic heart failure. The prevalence of pitting edema in the patient significantly restricted the mobility of the patient that indirectly impacted upon his mental health. His mental health status is marked by mood swings, feelings of hopelessness and depression. Thus in addition to taking low salt diet and avoidance in taking too much fluid, effective approaches must be followed for the sake of addressing his mental health concerns and in motivating him to lead a better life (McCleary et al., 2013). The non-pharmacologic therapeutic intervention has garnered significant attention in this regard to treat patients with such ailments (Ambrosy et al., 2013). However this motive cannot be achieved alone and the RN must take the help of a counselor to deal with the situation. The cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be resorted to for altering the pattern of thinking and behavior in the person to account for positive changes (Elliot et al., 2014). Research has found out that in conjunction with the relaxation exercises, CBT has the potential to alleviate the depressive symptom in the patients with chronic heart failure as part of the disease management programs (Lundgren, Andersson Johansson, 2015). The nurse attending the patient must work in collaboration with the attending psychological counselor to enhance the QOL in the concerned individual. In contrast to the usual care regime, CBT might be chosen as adjunct therapy to harbor positive outcomes with respect to interventions for treating depression alongside heart failure related self care (Freedland et al., 2015). Thus adopting these strategies and technique Giovanni is likely to be benefited showing stark improvements in his mobility as well as mood elevation. Reviewing and evaluating the information regarding the patients health status through utilization of the Clinical Reasoning Cycle it is evident that the projected interventions are likely to benefit the patient by means of enhancing his quality of living and ameliorating the symptoms that typically represent his acute manifestation of heart failure (Gruppen, 2017). The proper compliance to the therapeutic interventions in the form of medications and other appropriate techniques will ensure the harboring of optimum outcomes in the patient. Nursing skills will reach out to addressing his health both collaboratively and independently thereby paving the way for effective health outcomes. The severity of his symptoms pertaining to chronic heart failure will require him to undertake both short term and long term objectives to maintain a healthy life. The risk assessment carried out pertinent to the patient further provided future implications that need to be reconsidered in making prudent clinical decisions. References Ades, P. A., Keteyian, S. J., Balady, G. J., Houston-Miller, N., Kitzman, D. W., Mancini, D. M., Rich, M. W. (2013). Cardiac rehabilitation exercise and self-care for chronic heart failure. JACC: Heart failure, 1(6), 540-547. Ambrosy, A. P., Pang, P. S., Khan, S., Konstam, M. A., Fonarow, G. C., Traver, B., ... Grinfeld, L. (2013). 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